Lesson 32 Understanding Landforms

Understanding Landforms

Geography is a fascinating science that deals with the earth’s surface. People who study geography are called geographers. Geographers are interested in Earth’s physical features, such as mountains, deserts, rivers, and oceans. They are also interested in the ways that people affect and are affected by the natural world.
India is a land of many varied geographical formations. It has mountains and deserts. It has some of the world’s greatest rivers. It has plains and rainforests. In short, India has almost every type of geography you can think of. It is a peninsula, with major landforms, namely, Himalyan Mountain Range, Punjab Plain, Thar desert, Aravali Hills, Deccan Plateau, Mount Kanchenjunga and Coastal Plains. The highest mountain range Himalayas means ‘abode of snow’
From the northernmost point , The Tapi Valley in the north,to the southern tip, Kanyakumari, in the south, India stretches 3200 kilometers, (2000 miles). Dividing the lush coastal regions from the dry interior is a mountain chain called the Western Ghats which rise abruptly from the Western coastal plain. The rivers flow swiftly and make a number of waterfalls like the Jog Falls on the Sharavati River. They are running in the north-south direction and form the western edge of the Deccan plateau. During the hotter months, tourists often head inland to the hill stations or up north to the mountains for a cool break. The mountains of Eastern Ghats are much more away from the sea as compared to the Western Ghats. The hills are discontinuous and they are lower than the Western Ghats.. The slope is gentle towards the eastern side and the main rivers like the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rise from the eastern slopes and flow eastwards and fall into the Bay of Bengal.

(A) Understanding Geographical formations……                                                                               land forms are not the same everywhere. They could be flat, high, barren, lush green.           Peninsula…. land surrounded by water on three sides                                                                     Rainforests… forests with very high levels of rainfall                                                                   Plateau…..a flat top mountain with steep sides                                                                                         Plains …. areas of flat land and when these meet oceans or seas, they are called Coastal Plains

 Deserts ….. large dry and hot areas of land which receive little or no rainfall. Deserts are covered with sand.

(B) Vocabulary:                                                                                                                    Fascinate/fascinating….to hold or attract the attention in a powerful way                               Lush….covered with thick, healthy green growth                                                                        Affected…. influenced                                                                                                        Swiftly….moving with great speed                                                                                      Abruptly….suddenly, unexpectedly                                                                                Discontinuous…….not continuous, interrupted

(C) Verbs or action words are modified as in the following examples:                                          The man was old. He walked(verb) slowly ( modifies the verb by telling us how he walked)
Use modifiers, known as Adverbs

The sky was dark. It was raining…..
· He is a good painter . He paints …..
· She is a quiet girl. She does her job…….
· This exercise is easy. You can ……do it
· Ram is careful. He drives…….
· The lazy girl works …….
· Her English is perfect. She speaks English……
· Our teacher shouted…..at the disobedient student.

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